![]() Additionally, a fashion for tattooing had spread through juvenile prisons, increasing the number of inmates with “illegitimate” tattoos. To reduce tensions, criminal leaders outlawed rites of passage and outlawed rape as a punishment.įights between inmates were outlawed and conflicts were to be resolved through mediation by senior thieves. Along with propaganda denouncing the “traditional thief” that had grown in popularity in Russian culture, punishments in the prisons intensified for anyone that identified as a legitimate thief, including beatings and torture.Īs a response to this persecution, the thieves’ laws were intensified and the punishment for prisoners wearing unearned tattoos increased from removal to rape and murder.īy the 1970s, the intensification of the thieves’ laws had resulted in reprisals against the legitimate thieves, orchestrated by prison authorities who would often throw a legitimate thief into cells with prisoners they had punished or raped. In the 1950s Nikita Khrushchev declared a policy for the eradication of criminality from Soviet society. The sailing ship with white sails means the bearer does not engage in normal work he is a traveling thief prone to escape. This tattoo is a variation on the myth of Pometheus, who, after tricking Zeus, is chained to a rock in eternal punishment. Misappropriation of the tattoos of a “legitimate thief” could be punished by death, or the prisoner would be forced to remove them themselves “with a knife, sandpaper, a shard of glass or a lump of brick”. They might also represent his “thief’s family”, naming others within hearts or with the traditional tomcat image. The tattoos show a “service record” of achievements and failures, prison sentences, and the type of work a criminal does. In Russian criminal jargon or Fenya (феня), a full set of tattoos is known as f rak s ordenami (a tailcoat with decorations). Up until World War II, any tattoo could denote a professional criminal, the only exception being tattoos on sailors.Ī thief’s collection of tattoos represents his “suit” (mast), which indicates his status within the community of thieves and his control over other thieves within the thieves’ law. Вор в Законе) or Blatnye (authoritative thieves), and with that a tattoo culture to define rank and reputation. In the 1930s, Russian criminal castes began to emerge, such as the Masti (suits) and the Vor v Zakone (rus. ![]() ![]() Russian Criminal Tattoo Police Files, published by FUEL, is probably the largest collection of prison tattoo photographs to date, at 256 pages. In jails and prisons around the world, tattoos can become a significant part of an inmate’s uniform, not only marking the crime they’re in for but also serving as a way to communicate with others.Īrkady Bronnikov, regarded as Russia’s leading expert on tattoo iconography, recently released a collection of around 180 photographs of criminals locked up in Soviet penal institutes. However, he does not wear the ‘thief’s stars ’ he is not a ‘vor v zakone’ or ‘thief-in-law,’ and therefore holds no real power among this caste. They indicate the bearer has adopted a thief’s mentality. The tattoos on this inmate mimic those of higher ranking criminals.
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